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18th-century American piracy of British literature
18th-century American piracy of British literature refers to the practice of reprinting British books in the USA without the permission of the original author or publisher.
Plagiarism is traditionally defined as “the process of copying another person's idea or written work and claiming it as original” 〔Guralnik, D: Webster's New World Dictionary, page 1087. Collins World 1976.〕 This definition applies to many aspects of written work in today’s world and has serious consequences if found guilty of committing it, but this idea has not always been in place. During the 18th century, it was extremely common for British Literature to be reprinted across the Atlantic Ocean in America without any acknowledgement or payment given to the original author. This form of plagiarism, referred to as literary piracy, was not an easy action to control because of the immense distance between the two countries, and the lack of any real international law which would work to protect the original authors in England. It was not until 1988 that these international laws were truly set in place and able to be enforced with any form of consistency.
==Early piracy==
Although it is now believed to be a crime, plagiarism has not always been considered a negative action. Thoughts, ideas, and writing were considered public property, not something an individual was able to claim as their own 〔Lynch, Jack (2002) (''The Perfectly Acceptable Practice of Literary Theft: Plagiarism, Copyright, and the Eighteenth Century'' ), in ''(Colonial Williamsburg: The Journal of the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation )'' 24, no. 4 (Winter 2002–3), pp. 51–54. Also available online since 2006 at ''Writing World''.〕 The ”borrowing” from others was thought of as a form of learning and was encouraged as an opportunity to enhance one's work. It was used as a stepping stone during the creative process. In order to create new stories, plots, and characters for a narrative, it was only natural for authors to look at what others before them had done.〔Stearns, Laurie: ''Copy wrong: plagiarism, process, property and the law'', California Law Review 1992〕 The difference between this recycling of ideas and copying is that an author will add original material to the inspiration, not simply recopy what came prior. Borrowing was deemed acceptable if it is only part of the final result and has a distinct twist from the original piece. A prime example of accepted plagiarism can be found in Shakespeare, who “borrowed” from other authors and playwrights of his day in order to create almost all of his now famous plays. The term plagiarism originally comes from the Latin word for thief, in this case a literary thief.
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